Dry Eye Syndrome

Sarah Ma

Having dry eyes is common to a number of different vision conditions, and is itself considered an ocular surface disease. As many are aware, dry eye syndrome is considered a condition in which we lack proper tears to lubricate our eyes.

Every time we blink, our lacrimal glands (commonly referred to as tear ducts) release lacrimal fluid made of water, oil, and mucus that we know of as tears. Tears are an essential part of maintaining proper eye health, especially on the surface of our eyes because they provide moisture to the surface which maintains a barrier to prevent dirt and other substances from entering the eye and also allows proper light refraction into the eye for vision. When we do not have enough tears being released regularly or the quality of the tears is poor, dry eye syndrome can become imminent in the patient.

Dry eyes are becoming an increasingly prevalent issue worldwide, with approximately 20-50% of the global population reporting dry eye-related symptoms. Some causes for dry eye can be genetics, age-related development, allergies, recent refractive surgery, and increased device screen use. Common symptoms related to dry eye syndrome include the following:

• Visibly red eyes

• Itchy, burning irritation in eyes

• Sensitivity to light

• Watery eyes

• Blurry vision

• Stringy mucus in or near eyes

As much as the condition is common, there is constant research being done on the phenomenon of dry eyes as well as improved treatment methods being developed. These methods consist of increasing the amount/ production of tears, slowing the draining and evaporation of tears, or treating localized inflammation causing the symptoms. The most common treatment methods that an individual may take are:

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle

• Omega-3 fatty acid supplements

• Warm compresses and frequent massaging of eyelids

• Use of over-the-counter (artificial tears) or prescribed eye drops (restasis)

• Use of eyelid wipes to remove residue and debris

• In severe cases, eyelid surgery (i.e. punctal plugs)

Alternative promising dry eye treatment methods being developed include nasal sprays, tear duct deep-cleaning devices, specialized contact lenses, and more!

Dry eyes are an extremely uncomfortable condition that may not always be severe but can significantly lead to a decreased quality of life. If you are experiencing symptoms related to dry eye syndrome, please reach out to your local health provider in order to prevent complications like infection or damage to the scleral tissue from arising.